The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus induces heme oxygenase-1: Pathophysiologic implications
et al., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166322 (In Vitro)
In Vitro study transfecting SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein in kidney cell lines, showing syncytia formation and upregulation of the cytoprotective gene HO-1, and that quercetin, which induces HO-1, can reduce syncytia formation. Authors conclude that quercetin may be protective for AKI in COVID-19.
Singh et al., 14 Dec 2021, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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