Quercetin for COVID-19: real-time analysis of all 8 studies

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Database of all quercetin COVID-19 studies. Submit updates/corrections.


Sep 29	In Silico	Şimşek et al., Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108038 (Peer Reviewed)		In silico identification of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry inhibitors from selected natural antivirals
	Details In SIlico study identifying quercetin derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, ACE2, and neuropilin inhibitors.
Sep 29	Details Source PDF In Silico In Silico
	Şimşek et al., Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108038 (Peer Reviewed)
	In silico identification of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry inhibitors from selected natural antivirals
	In SIlico study identifying quercetin derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, ACE2, and neuropilin inhibitors. Şimşek et al., 9/29/2021, peer-reviewed, 3 authors. In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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Jul 6	PrEP	Margolin et al., Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, doi:10.1177/2515690X211026193 (Peer Reviewed)	cases, ↓94.4%, p=0.003	20-Week Study of Clinical Outcomes of Over-the-Counter COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment
	Details Retrospective 113 outpatients, 53 (patient choice) treated with zinc, quercetin, vitamin C/D/E, l-lysine, and Quina, showing lower cases with treatment.
Jul 6	Details Source PDF Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study
	Margolin et al., Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, doi:10.1177/2515690X211026193 (Peer Reviewed)
	20-Week Study of Clinical Outcomes of Over-the-Counter COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment
	Retrospective 113 outpatients, 53 (patient choice) treated with zinc, quercetin, vitamin C/D/E, l-lysine, and Quina, showing lower cases with treatment. risk of COVID-19 case, 94.4% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.003, treatment 0 of 53 (0.0%), control 9 of 60 (15.0%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of COVID-19 or flu-like illness, 81.1% lower, RR 0.19, p = 0.01, treatment 2 of 53 (3.8%), control 12 of 60 (20.0%). Margolin et al., 7/6/2021, retrospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 5 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with zinc, vitamin C/D/E, l-lysine, and Quina) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Jun 24	Early	Di Pierro et al., International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S318949 (Peer Reviewed)	death, ↓66.7%, p=1.00	Potential Clinical Benefits of Quercetin in the Early Stage of COVID-19: Results of a Second, Pilot, Randomized, Controlled and Open-Label Clinical Trial
	Details RCT 42 outpatients in Pakistan, 21 treated with quercetin phytosome, showing faster viral clearance and lower symptom severity with treatment.
Jun 24	Details Source PDF Early treatment study Early treatment study
	Di Pierro et al., International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S318949 (Peer Reviewed)
	Potential Clinical Benefits of Quercetin in the Early Stage of COVID-19: Results of a Second, Pilot, Randomized, Controlled and Open-Label Clinical Trial
	RCT 42 outpatients in Pakistan, 21 treated with quercetin phytosome, showing faster viral clearance and lower symptom severity with treatment. risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 21 (0.0%), control 1 of 21 (4.8%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of ICU admission, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 21 (0.0%), control 1 of 21 (4.8%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of hospitalization, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 21 (0.0%), control 1 of 21 (4.8%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of no virological cure, 73.7% lower, RR 0.26, p < 0.001, treatment 5 of 21 (23.8%), control 19 of 21 (90.5%), day 7. risk of no virological cure, 88.9% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.11, treatment 0 of 21 (0.0%), control 4 of 21 (19.0%), continuity correction due to zero event, day 14. Di Pierro et al., 6/24/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Pakistan, South Asia, peer-reviewed, 12 authors.
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Jun 8	Early	Di Pierro et al., International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S318720 (Peer Reviewed)	death, ↓85.7%, p=0.25	Possible Therapeutic Effects of Adjuvant Quercetin Supplementation Against Early-Stage COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Open-Label Study
	Details RCT 152 outpatients in Pakistan, 76 treated with quercetin phytosome, showing lower mortality, ICU admission, and hospitalization with treatment.
Jun 8	Details Source PDF Early treatment study Early treatment study
	Di Pierro et al., International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S318720 (Peer Reviewed)
	Possible Therapeutic Effects of Adjuvant Quercetin Supplementation Against Early-Stage COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Open-Label Study
	RCT 152 outpatients in Pakistan, 76 treated with quercetin phytosome, showing lower mortality, ICU admission, and hospitalization with treatment. risk of death, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.25, treatment 0 of 76 (0.0%), control 3 of 76 (3.9%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of ICU admission, 94.1% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.006, treatment 0 of 76 (0.0%), control 8 of 76 (10.5%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of hospitalization, 68.2% lower, RR 0.32, p = 0.003, treatment 7 of 76 (9.2%), control 22 of 76 (28.9%). Di Pierro et al., 6/8/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Pakistan, South Asia, peer-reviewed, 19 authors.
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Apr 8	Early	Aguilar et al., Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i330222 (Peer Reviewed)		Oral Quercetin in Adult Patients as a Potential Nutraceutical against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
	Details Prospective study of 52 patients treated with quercetin. There was no control group.
Apr 8	Details Source PDF Early treatment study Early treatment study
	Aguilar et al., Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i330222 (Peer Reviewed)
	Oral Quercetin in Adult Patients as a Potential Nutraceutical against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
	Prospective study of 52 patients treated with quercetin. There was no control group. Aguilar et al., 4/8/2021, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
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Jan 19	Late	Onal et al., Turk. J. Biol., 45:518-529 (preprint 1/19/2021) (Peer Reviewed)	death, ↑29.3%, p=0.57	Treatment of COVID-19 patients with quercetin: a prospective, single center, randomized, controlled trial
	Details RCT 447 moderate-to-severe hospitalized patients in Turkey, 52 treated with quercetin, bromelain, and vitamin C, showing no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes. NCT04377789.
Jan 19	Details Source PDF Late treatment study Late treatment study
	Onal et al., Turk. J. Biol., 45:518-529 (preprint 1/19/2021) (Peer Reviewed)
	Treatment of COVID-19 patients with quercetin: a prospective, single center, randomized, controlled trial
	RCT 447 moderate-to-severe hospitalized patients in Turkey, 52 treated with quercetin, bromelain, and vitamin C, showing no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes. NCT04377789. risk of death, 29.3% higher, RR 1.29, p = 0.57, treatment 1 of 49 (2.0%), control 6 of 380 (1.6%). risk of ICU admission, 94.0% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.39, treatment 0 of 49 (0.0%), control 14 of 380 (3.7%), continuity correction due to zero event. risk of no hospital discharge, 77.8% lower, RR 0.22, p = 0.10, treatment 1 of 49 (2.0%), control 35 of 380 (9.2%). Onal et al., 1/19/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Turkey, Europe, peer-reviewed, 10 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with bromelain and vitamin C) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Nov 16 2020	PrEP	Arslan et al., SSRN, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3682517 (Preprint)	cases, ↓91.7%, p=0.03	Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and Vitamin C Against COVID-19: Is a Possible Guard for Front Liners
	Details Small prophylaxis RCT with 113 patients showing fewer cases with quercetin + vitamin C + bromelain prophylaxis. NCT04377789. Note that this paper disappeared from SSRN without explanation.
Nov 16 2020	Details Source PDF Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study
	Arslan et al., SSRN, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3682517 (Preprint)
	Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and Vitamin C Against COVID-19: Is a Possible Guard for Front Liners
	Small prophylaxis RCT with 113 patients showing fewer cases with quercetin + vitamin C + bromelain prophylaxis. NCT04377789. Note that this paper disappeared from SSRN without explanation. risk of COVID-19 case, 91.7% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.03, treatment 1 of 71 (1.4%), control 9 of 42 (21.4%), adjusted. Arslan et al., 11/16/2020, Randomized Controlled Trial, Turkey, Europe, preprint, 7 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with vitamin C and bromelain) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Oct 9 2020	Review	Derosa et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.6887 (Review) (Peer Reviewed)	review	A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
	Details Review noting that quercetin has a theoretical, but significant, capability to interfere with SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, with results showing this to be the fifth best compound out of 18 candidates.
Oct 9 2020	Details Source PDF Review Review
	Derosa et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.6887 (Review) (Peer Reviewed)
	A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
	Review noting that quercetin has a theoretical, but significant, capability to interfere with SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, with results showing this to be the fifth best compound out of 18 candidates. Derosa et al., 10/9/2020, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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Jun 19 2020	Review	Biancatelli et al., Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451 (Review) (Peer Reviewed)	review	Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19)
	Details Review of the evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Jun 19 2020	Details Source PDF Review Review
	Biancatelli et al., Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451 (Review) (Peer Reviewed)
	Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19)
	Review of the evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Biancatelli et al., 6/19/2020, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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Apr 24 2020	In Silico	Sekiou et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12181404.v1 (Preprint)		In-Silico Identification of Potent Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) from Natural Products: Quercetin, Hispidulin, and Cirsimaritin Exhibited Better Potential Inhibition than Hydroxy-Chloroquine Against COVID-19 Main Protease Active Site and ACE2
	Details In silico study of natural compounds identifying quercetin, curcumin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, sulfasalazine, and artemisin as potential compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2.
Apr 24 2020	Details Source PDF In Silico In Silico
	Sekiou et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12181404.v1 (Preprint)
	In-Silico Identification of Potent Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) from Natural Products: Quercetin, Hispidulin, and Cirsimaritin Exhibited Better Potential Inhibition than Hydroxy-Chloroquine Against COVID-19 Main Protease Active Site and ACE2
	In silico study of natural compounds identifying quercetin, curcumin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, sulfasalazine, and artemisin as potential compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Sekiou et al., 4/24/2020, preprint, 4 authors. In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19 is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are available from the FLCCC.

Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be the date of an earlier preprint.

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Aspirin	Metformin
Bamlanivimab	Molnupiravir
Bromhexine	Nigella Sativa
Budesonide	Nitazoxanide
Casirivimab/i..	Povidone-Iod..
Colchicine	Probiotics
Conv. Plasma	Proxalutamide
Curcumin	Quercetin
Favipiravir	Remdesivir
Fluvoxamine	Sotrovimab
Hydroxychloro..	Vitamin A
Iota-carragee..	Vitamin C
Ivermectin	Vitamin D
Melatonin	Zinc

Other	Adoption